{"id":7929,"date":"2026-04-10T14:02:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T01:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/?page_id=7929"},"modified":"2026-04-10T14:25:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T01:25:14","slug":"cardamine-conservation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/cardamine-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Perspectives in Biodiversity | 2026 | Volume 4 | pp xx\u2013xx"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav class=\"is-responsive wp-block-navigation is-layout-flex wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"Perspectives in Biodiversity\" \n\t\t data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-context='{\"overlayOpenedBy\":{\"click\":false,\"hover\":false,\"focus\":false},\"type\":\"overlay\",\"roleAttribute\":\"\",\"ariaLabel\":\"Menu\"}'><button aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Open menu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open\" 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class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Contact Us <\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Research Paper<strong> &#8211; ACCEPTED<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7920\">Volume 4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species <em>Cardamine integra<\/em> and <em>C. caesiella,<\/em> (Brassicaceae) Heenan, in limestone areas of South Canterbury, New Zealand<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Hermann Frank<br><br>Affiliation:<br>South Canterbury Museum, PO Box 522, Timaru 7940, New Zealand.<br>Corresponding author: <a href=\"mailto:hermann@newfrankland.org\">hermann@newfrankland.org<\/a><br><br>Received: 25 July 2025 | Accepted: 29 September 2025 | Published: xx<br>Associate Editor: Peter J. de Lange<br>doi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">download PDF<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Abstract<br><em>Cardamine<\/em> (Brassicaceae) supports numerous species (&gt;40) in New Zealand. They are mostly small perennial herbs and grow in diverse habitats, often related to a specific geological substrate or soil type, including limestone outcrops. Two of these calcicolous species <em>Cardamine caesiella<\/em> Heenan and <em>C. integra<\/em> Heenan are endemic to South Canterbury, though the areas of occupancy are disjunct. This study investigates the distribution, abundance and ecology of the two species across limestone outcrops in South Canterbury to identify appropriate conservation management for these threatened plants. Surveys between 2019 &#8211; 2022 recorded 773 plants of <em>C. integra,<\/em> comprising 515 mature plants in 13 sub-populations, ten previously unknown. <em>C. caesiella<\/em> were recorded in one isolated limestone area, a population with 929 plants, 638 mature. As the total area of occupancy for both species is below 1 ha, the current threat ranking of \u2018Threatened \/ Nationally Critical\u2019 should remain. Grazing pressure and competition by introduced weeds and grasses are the main threats for these small herbaceous plants. Experimental conservation work like weed control and enclosures for small sub-sites has been trialled. Control measures for the wide-spread invasive <em>Sedum acre<\/em> were undertaken in a number of larger limestone areas over successive years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cite as<\/strong><br>Frank, H. (in press). Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species <em>Cardamine integra<\/em> and <em>C. caesiella<\/em>, (Brassicaceae) Heenan, in limestone areas of South Canterbury, New Zealand. <em>Perspectives in Biodiversity<\/em>, 4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Paper &#8211; ACCEPTED Volume 4 Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species Cardamine integra and C. caesiella, (Brassicaceae) Heenan, in limestone areas of South Canterbury, New Zealand Hermann Frank Affiliation:South Canterbury Museum, PO Box 522, Timaru&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/cardamine-conservation\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":7920,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7929","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7929"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8000,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929\/revisions\/8000"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}