{"id":7929,"date":"2026-04-10T14:02:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T01:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/?page_id=7929"},"modified":"2026-10-23T16:44:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T03:44:41","slug":"cardamine-conservation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/cardamine-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Perspectives in Biodiversity | 2026 | Volume 4 (1) | pp 13\u201330"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav class=\"items-justified-center wp-block-navigation is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-navigation-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"Perspectives in Biodiversity\"><ul class=\"wp-block-navigation__container items-justified-center wp-block-navigation\"><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/\" title=\"Home\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Home PBD |<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/editorial-board\/\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/editorial-board\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Editorial Board |<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/author-guidelines\/\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-animal-health-and-welfare\/author-guidelines\/\" title=\"Author Guidelines\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Author Guidelines |<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/\" title=\"Issues\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Articles |<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/editorial-board\/\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/editorial-board\/\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Contact Us <\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Research Paper<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"7920\">Volume 4 (1)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species, <em>Cardamine integra<\/em> and <em>C. caesiella<\/em> (Brassicaceae), in limestone areas of South Canterbury, Aotearoa \/ New Zealand<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>Hermann Frank<br><br>Affiliation:<br>South Canterbury Museum, PO Box 522, Timaru 7940, New Zealand.<br>Corresponding author: <a href=\"mailto:hermann@newfrankland.org\">hermann@newfrankland.org<\/a><br><br>Received: 25 July 2025 | Accepted: 29 September 2025 | Published: 12 October 2026<br>Senior Editor: Peter J. de Lange<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55457\/pibdiv.004103\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55457\/pibdiv.004103<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/03-PBD-frank-2026.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"8289\">Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><br><em>Cardamine <\/em>(Brassicaceae) supports numerous species (&gt; 40) in Aotearoa \/ New Zealand. They are mostly small perennial herbs and grow in diverse habitats, often related to a specific geological substrate or soil type, including limestone outcrops. Two of these calcicolous species, <em>Cardamine caesiella <\/em>and <em>C. integra<\/em>, are endemic to South Canterbury, though the areas of occupancy are disjunct. This study investigates the distribution, abundance and ecology of the two species across limestone outcrops in South Canterbury to identify appropriate conservation management for these threatened plants. Surveys between 2019 and 2022 recorded 773 plants of <em>C. integra<\/em>, comprising 515 mature plants in 13 sub-populations, ten previously unknown. <em>C. caesiella <\/em>were recorded in one isolated limestone area, a population with 929 plants, 638 mature. As the total area of occupancy for both species is below 1 ha, the current threat ranking of \u2018Threatened \/ Nationally Critical\u2019 should remain. Grazing pressure and competition by introduced weeds and grasses are the main threats for these small herbaceous plants. Experimental conservation work such as weed control and enclosures for small sub-sites has been trialled. Control measures for the widespread, invasive <em>Sedum acre <\/em>have been undertaken in a number of larger limestone areas in the region over successive years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cite as<\/strong><br>Frank, H. (2026). Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species, <em>Cardamine integra<\/em> and <em>C. caesiella<\/em>, (Brassicaceae), in limestone areas of South Canterbury, Aotearoa \/ New Zealand. <em>Perspectives in Biodiversity<\/em>, 4(1): 13\u201330. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55457\/pibdiv.004103\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55457\/pibdiv.004103<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Paper Volume 4 (1) Distribution, abundance and conservation management of two calcicolous bittercress species, Cardamine integra and C. caesiella (Brassicaceae), in limestone areas of South Canterbury, Aotearoa \/ New Zealand Hermann Frank Affiliation:South Canterbury Museum, PO Box 522, Timaru&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/perspectives-in-biodiversity\/volumes\/2026-1\/cardamine-conservation\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":7920,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7929","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7929"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8915,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7929\/revisions\/8915"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitec.ac.nz\/epress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}